资料来源：SMS有限责任公司
Pros of Batch Farrowing
批次生产优点
Weaning larger batches of pigs at same weaning age
1、同一断奶日龄可断奶大批量的仔猪
Allow smaller farms to wean larger batches of pigs
2、允许小型猪场一次断奶大批量猪仔
Improved biosecurity by limiting access to farm: people, trucks, deliveries, etc.
3、通过限制人、车和供货等的进入猪场，从而提高生物安全
Allow for more all-in-all out of a site or single source fill
4、允许同一地点或单一来源的更多的猪只全进全出
Improved health of pigs for lower death loss (2-4%)
5、提高猪的健康从而降低死亡损失(2-4%)
Improved ADG and Feed Conversion
6、提高平均日增重以及饲料转化率
Allows for feeding pigs more accurately to feed budget
7、可按照猪饲料预算更准确饲喂
Improving piglet survival by concentrating farrowing
8、通过集中分娩提高猪仔的存活率
Improve accuracy of female vaccination programs
9、提高母猪免疫程序的准确性
Specialized breeding and farrowing personal
10、专门的配种和分娩人员
Break disease cycles with time between farrowing batches
11、通过批次生产间隔,打断疾病循环
Potential to increase weaning age of gilt litter
12、有可能增加1胎母猪所产仔猪断奶日龄
Allows for days off, vacations, and limited weekends for staff
13、员工得以有休息日，假期，以及有限的周末。
批次生产的缺点
Harder to add replacement gilts or open weaned sow
1、增加后备母猪或空怀断奶母猪变得相对困难
Need to have space at farm for estrus management of gilts and using of Matrix for controlling heat cycles
2、需要有场地用于后备母猪发情期管理和使用烯丙孕素（Matrix）制剂调控发情周期
Limited number of nurse sows or none
3、限制了寄养母猪数量甚至于没有
Dealing with late or non-cycling weaned sow
4、需要处理延迟断奶或非周期断奶母猪
Harder to manage females that repeat
5、更难管理返情的母猪
Need to have low wean to 1st estrus days
6、断奶至第1次发情间隔天数必须要短
Extra labor required for heavy breeding/farrowing weeks
7、在繁忙的配种周/分娩周需要额外的劳动力
Need for hormone therapy for managing gilts and sow
8、需要使用激素来管理后备猪和母猪
Limited number of days for power washing farrowing rooms and refilling with bred females
9、高压冲洗产房和再次调入妊娠母猪是在有限的天数内
May need to invest in rescue deck for feeding supplemental milk to some of the pigs
10、可能需要投资建设救助空间给一些弱小猪只补充液体牛奶
Semen supplier has to be able to send larger amounts of semen to farm fewer times per year
11、精液供应商需要有每年几次输送大量精液给猪场的能力
批次生产体系的选择
批次生产模式汇总
|
Batch (groups/farrowing weeks)批次(组数/分娩周数) |
Weaning age days断奶天数 |
*Pigs/crate 猪数量/栏 |
Turns/year 次数/年 |
|
10/2 (1 week breed) (1 周配种) |
15-22 |
*143 |
13 |
|
7/3 (1 week breed) (1 周配种) |
21-28 |
*96 |
8.7 |
|
5/4 (1 week breed) (1 周配种) |
15-22 |
*143 |
13 |
|
4/5 (1 week breed) (1 周配种) |
21-28 |
*110 |
10 |
|
4/5 (2 weeks breed) (2周配种) |
14-28 |
*110 |
10 |
*现在最流行的是2周批、4周批和5周批生产。
介绍5/4分组的批次生产
Key points （关键要点）：
5 groups of sows farrowing every 4 weeks
每隔4周就会有1组母猪分娩（总共5组母猪）
Breeding for only 1 week may be problem with returns, noncycling weaned sows and gilts to fit into a batch
仅1周配种时间，对于返情、非周期断奶母猪和后备母猪放入一个批次可能存在困难
Weaning age 15-22 days with 1 week or less breeding with average at 18.5 days
15-22天断奶；1周内完成配种，母猪群平均断奶日龄为18.5天
Farrowing crates still used 13 times per year for efficiency
为了提高效率，分娩栏每年高效使用13次
Farrowing only 1 week in 4 allows for very few or no nurse sows
4周内仅有1周分娩，允许很少或没有代乳母猪。
Weaning, breeding and farrowing done the first 2 weeks of the
4 weeks
断奶，配种和分娩在每四周的头2周完成
Extra labor and longer days the 2 weeks of weaning, breeding and farrowing
在头2周的断奶、配种和分娩等工作，需要额外劳力和更长时间
Allow for labor to have vacations, time off, limited weekends, etc on 2 weeks when not weaning, breeding, or farrowing occur 在非断奶、配种或分娩的两周，给员工假期、休息时间和有限的周末。
Female inventory approximately 6.2 times the number of farrowing crates
母猪存栏量大约是分娩栏数量的6.2倍
案例：有230个分娩栏的农猪场换成5/4批次生产体项
Wean 230 litters X 11.0 per litter = 2530 pigs to wean / batch 断奶230窝X11.0头/每窝=2530头断奶/批
Breeding target is 230 crates / 85% farrowing rate = 271 配种目标：230栏/ 85%的分娩率= 271头
females bred配种母猪
-Returns/late weaner sows = 10 hd.返情/延迟断奶母猪=10 头 •Gilts = 61 hd.后备猪=61 头
-Total to breed = 271 hd.配种总数=271 头
*Breeding batch size may need to be adjusted based on female death loss, culling rate, changes in farrowing rate, available repeats, non-cycling weaned sows and gilts. Also for range in days for weaned sows to cycle after weaning.
*批次配种数需要根据母猪死亡损失，淘汰率，分娩率变化，可用的返情母猪，非周期断奶母猪和后备数量等因素进行调整。此外，要考虑断奶后母猪发情所需要的天数。
（未完，待续）
